Metrics Glossary

Comprehensive definitions and formulas for all metrics used in our analytics. All formulas are rendered with proper mathematical notation.

Adjusted Efficiency Margin (Adj EM)

Efficiency
↑ Higher is Better

Net efficiency rating adjusted for opponent quality and tempo.

Formula:
Adj,EM=Adj,O−Adj,DAdj,EM = Adj,O - Adj,D
Interpretation:

Higher values indicate better overall team quality.

Typical Range:

0 to 40+

Adjusted Offensive Efficiency (Adj O)

Efficiency
↑ Higher is Better

Points scored per 100 possessions adjusted for opponent strength.

Formula:
Adj,O = 100 imes rac{Points}{Possessions}
Interpretation:

Higher values indicate better offensive performance.

Typical Range:

95 to 125+

Adjusted Defensive Efficiency (Adj D)

Efficiency
↓ Lower is Better

Points allowed per 100 possessions adjusted for opponent strength.

Formula:
Adj,D = 100 imes rac{Opp,Points}{Possessions}
Interpretation:

Lower values indicate better defense.

Typical Range:

85 to 115

Adjusted Tempo

Pace
↓ Lower is Better

Estimated possessions per 40 minutes, adjusted for opponent pace.

Formula:
Tempo = rac{Possessions}{Minutes} imes 40
Interpretation:

Higher values indicate faster pace of play.

Typical Range:

60 to 75

Effective Field Goal % (eFG%)

Shooting
↑ Higher is Better

Field goal percentage adjusted for 3-point shots being worth more.

Formula:
eFGeFG% = rac{FG + 0.5 imes 3P}{FGA}
Interpretation:

Higher values indicate more efficient shooting.

Typical Range:

45% to 60%

Turnover Rate (TOV%)

Ball Security
↓ Lower is Better

Turnovers per 100 possessions.

Formula:
TOVTOV% = 100 imes rac{TOV}{Possessions}
Interpretation:

Lower values indicate better ball security.

Typical Range:

12% to 20%

Offensive Rebound % (ORB%)

Rebounding
↑ Higher is Better

Percentage of available offensive rebounds secured.

Formula:
ORBORB% = 100 imes rac{ORB}{ORB + Opp,DRB}
Interpretation:

Higher values indicate better offensive rebounding.

Typical Range:

25% to 40%

Free Throw Rate (FTR)

Fouls
↑ Higher is Better

Free throws attempted per field goal attempt.

Formula:
FTR = rac{FTA}{FGA}
Interpretation:

Higher values indicate more frequent trips to the line.

Typical Range:

0.20 to 0.45

Four Factor Index (FFI)

Composite
↑ Higher is Better

Weighted composite of the Four Factors: eFG%, TOV%, ORB%, FTR.

Formula:
FFI=0.4,eFG+0.2,(1−TOV)+0.2,ORB+0.2,FTRFFI = 0.4,eFG + 0.2,(1-TOV) + 0.2,ORB + 0.2,FTR
Interpretation:

Higher values indicate stronger overall four-factor performance.

Typical Range:

40 to 70